What condition describes nails that are split and brittle with lengthwise ridges?

• A. Leukonychia
• B. Onycholysis
• C. Onychorrhexis
• D. Melanonychia

Answer: (C)

The condition that describes nails that are split and brittle with lengthwise ridges is onychorrhexis. This condition is characterized by the presence of brittle nails that can easily break or split, often appearing with longitudinal ridges that may indicate underlying health issues or damage to the nail matrix. Factors contributing to onychorrhexis can include excessive exposure to water or harsh chemicals, nutritional deficiencies, or certain medical conditions.

Leukonychia refers to white spots or lines on the nails, typically caused by minor trauma to the nail matrix and does not relate to brittleness or splitting. Onycholysis involves the separation of the nail from the nail bed, often without the characteristic brittleness. Melanonychia, on the other hand, is characterized by a dark pigmentation in the nails, which does not correspond to the symptoms described in the question. Thus, onychorrhexis is the only option that accurately describes the condition of split and brittle nails with lengthwise ridges.